To the agricultural and rural (farming and animal husbandry) departments, animal husbandry and veterinary departments, fishery departments (bureaus, commissions) of all provinces, autonomous regions, municipalities directly under the Central Government and cities specifically designated in the state plan; the Department of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps; Beidahuang Agricultural Reclamation Group Co., Ltd.; the Guangdong Provincial Agricultural Reclamation Bureau; all departments and bureaus of the Ministry, dispatched agencies and directly subordinate units:
Accelerating the comprehensive green transition of agricultural development, promoting efficient and intensive resource utilization, low-carbon and circular industrial models, and ecologically livable rural environments, as well as advancing rural ecological revitalization, is a crucial task for advancing the all-round rural revitalization and accelerating the building of a strong agricultural country. It is also an objective requirement for promoting the harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. To implement the Opinions of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council on Accelerating the Comprehensive Green Transition of Economic and Social Development and the various deployment requirements of the Central Government on all-round rural revitalization, these Opinions are formulated to advance the comprehensive green transition of agricultural development and promote rural ecological revitalization.
(I) General Requirements
Adhere to the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, fully implement the spirit of the 20th CPC National Congress and the Second and Third Plenary Sessions of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and thoroughly apply Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization and General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important expositions on the work related to "agriculture, rural areas and farmers". Aiming at the goal of building a strong agricultural country, we will firmly establish and practice the concept that "lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets". Based on the carrying capacity of agricultural resources and the environment, we will focus on strengthening the intensive utilization of agricultural resources, the reduction and efficiency of input factors, the resource utilization of waste, and the green and low-carbon transition of industries. We will strengthen the integrated innovation of science and technology, improve incentive and restraint mechanisms, improve the mechanism for realizing the value of ecological products, and improve the mechanism for high-level protection of the agricultural ecological environment. We will enhance the level of green agricultural development, accelerate the construction of rural ecological civilization, and provide a solid resource and environmental guarantee for advancing all-round rural revitalization and accelerating the building of a strong agricultural country.
◆Adhere to the coordination of production and ecology. Optimize the agricultural production structure and regional layout, rationally develop and protect resources, integrate the concept of green development into the entire process of agricultural production, develop resource-saving and environment-friendly agriculture, and realize the organic unity of increasing supply, raising income and protecting the ecology.
◆Adhere to the simultaneous emphasis on increasing production and efficiency. On the basis of stabilizing and increasing agricultural output, we will increase the supply of green and high-quality agricultural products, reduce the excessive consumption of water and soil resources, improve resource utilization efficiency and land output rate, promote the ecologicalization of industries and the industrialization of ecology, and convert ecological value into economic value.
◆Adhere to the guidance of scientific and technological innovation. Take innovation as the primary driving force for development, cultivate new quality productive forces in agriculture, accelerate the innovation of agricultural green development models, integrated technologies and institutional mechanisms, strengthen the momentum for green development, overcome key problems and shortcomings, and explore appropriate agricultural green development models for different regions and ecological types in light of local conditions.
◆Adhere to the coordination of government and market. Give play to the role of the government in planning formulation, market supervision and policy support, give full play to the decisive role of the market in resource allocation, mobilize the enthusiasm of producers, operators, consumers and other parties, and achieve the same goal, joint efforts and coordinated measures.
By 2030, the level of green agricultural development will be significantly improved, the efficiency of agricultural resource utilization will be steadily enhanced, the level of waste resource utilization will be significantly raised, the level of agricultural production area environmental protection will be continuously strengthened, a green, low-carbon and circular agricultural industrial system will be initially established, positive progress will be made in the comprehensive green transition of agricultural development, the rural ecological environment will be significantly improved, and rural ecological revitalization will be effectively advanced. By 2035, the level of green agricultural development will be significantly improved, green production methods will basically take shape, the efficiency of agricultural resource utilization will reach the international advanced level, the agricultural production environment will be comprehensively improved, the development of the agricultural industry will be smoothly circulated, the coordinated development of production, living and ecology will be realized, the green, low-carbon and circular agricultural industrial system will be more improved, rural ecological revitalization will reach a new level, and beautiful villages with pleasant ecology will basically be realized.
(II) Promote Resource Conservation and the Reduction of Input Factors
◆Strengthen the Protection and Utilization of Cultivated Land Resources
Strengthen cultivated land management. Promote the improvement of the "trinity" protection system for the quantity, quality and ecology of cultivated land, and implement the assessment of the responsibility system for cultivated land protection and food security.
Improve the quality of cultivated land. Promote the improvement of soil organic matter in cultivated land, and comprehensively adopt measures such as straw returning to the field, livestock and poultry manure returning to the field, and green manure planting and returning to the field to improve soil fertility and output capacity. Further implement the National Black Soil Protection Project and the Action Plan for Conservative Tillage of Black Soil in Northeast China, and carry out the construction of farmland infrastructure, soil erosion control and fertile plow layer cultivation by region and type. Launch pilot projects for the comprehensive utilization of saline-alkali land, promote the combination of "adapting crops to land" and "adapting land to crops", and explore the management and utilization models and technical paths for different types of saline-alkali land. Continue to promote the safe utilization of contaminated cultivated land. Accelerate the management of acidified cultivated land in key areas.
Improve the utilization efficiency of cultivated land. According to the resource conditions of different regions, rationally arrange the breeding and planting models and farming systems. In the Yangtze River Basin, promote the rotation of rice and rapeseed, and rice-rice-rapeseed, and develop the cultivation of rapeseed in winter fallow fields. In Northeast China, promote the rotation of grain and beans. In the Huang-Huai-Hai Plain and Northwest China, promote the intercropping and relay cropping of wheat, corn, soybeans and other crops. Develop three-dimensional and efficient breeding and planting models such as solar greenhouses, plant factories and fish-vegetable symbiosis in light of local conditions. Activate and utilize abandoned farmland.
◆Promote the Economical and Efficient Use of Agricultural Water
Promote agronomic water conservation. Further promote the increase of agricultural water-saving production and efficiency, popularize high-efficiency water-saving technologies such as integrated water and fertilizer application in irrigated land on a large scale, and assemble and support technical measures such as water storage and moisture conservation, rainwater collection and irrigation, and moisture detection and sowing in dry land to improve the utilization efficiency of precipitation. Breed and promote a number of water-saving and drought-resistant new varieties.
Promote engineering water conservation. Strengthen the construction of high-standard farmland, improve the field irrigation and drainage facilities, and coordinate the development of high-efficiency water-saving irrigation. From 2025 to 2030, the area of newly added high-efficiency water-saving irrigation will be about 60 million mu.
Promote management water conservation. Implement the rigid constraint system for water resources, develop the water-saving industry, and strengthen the utilization of unconventional water sources. Accelerate the comprehensive reform of agricultural water prices, guide socialized service entities to carry out water-saving irrigation services, and drive small-scale farmers to save agricultural water. Promote agricultural water-saving monitoring, carry out soil moisture and drought prediction and forecast, guidance on irrigation based on moisture detection, and scientific evaluation of water use and water-saving efficiency.
◆Promote the Reduction of Agricultural Input Factors
Promote the control and efficiency of chemical fertilizers. Implement the action for scientific fertilization and efficiency improvement, continue to promote soil testing and formulated fertilization, explore the quota management of nitrogen fertilizer application for major crops, formulate fertilization guidance opinions by region and type, and popularize high-efficiency fertilization models and equipment such as side-deep fertilization, seed-fertilizer sowing and UAV topdressing. By 2030, the utilization rate of chemical fertilizers for the three major food crops in the country will reach more than 43%.
Promote the reduction and efficiency of pesticides. Implement the action for scientific pesticide use and efficiency improvement, accelerate the integration and promotion of a number of green prevention and control and pesticide reduction and efficiency technologies that are economical, practical, simple and effective and welcomed by farmers. Support the development of a number of professional prevention and control organizations with sophisticated equipment, standardized management and high-quality services, and vigorously promote unified prevention and control. Incorporate green prevention and control measures such as biological control, physical and chemical trapping, and high-efficiency and low-risk pesticides into the scope of unified prevention and control services to promote the integrated development of green prevention and control and unified prevention and control. By 2030, the coverage rate of green prevention and control for major crops will reach more than 60%, and the coverage rate of unified prevention and control for the three major food crops will reach more than 50%.
Promote the scientific use of plastic film. Jointly with relevant departments to strengthen the supervision of the production, sales, use and recycling of plastic film, promote the scientific use of plastic film in suitable regions and for suitable crops, and guide local areas to establish and improve the system for the resource utilization and harmless disposal of waste plastic film in light of local conditions. Promote the application of residual film recycling machinery with high recovery rate.
Promote the reduction and efficiency of feed and veterinary drug use. Further implement the action for saving grain in the breeding industry, vigorously promote low-protein diet technology, research and develop and apply green and efficient feed additives, and promote the conservation and reduction of feed grain. Focus on livestock and poultry breeds such as pigs, layer hens, broilers and beef cattle, implement the action for reducing the use of veterinary antibiotics, promote alternative products, and strictly abide by the system of prescription drugs and withdrawal periods. By 2030, the proportion of large-scale farms implementing the "anti-resistance reduction" action will reach more than 65%. Strengthen the monitoring of aquatic seed diseases, carry out the construction of seed farms without specified aquatic animal diseases, strengthen the popular science publicity on the standardized use of drugs in aquatic aquaculture, and promote the reduction of drug use in aquatic aquaculture.
(III) Promote the Resource Utilization of Waste
◆Strengthen the Utilization of Livestock and Poultry Manure as Fertilizer Returning to the Field
Promote source reduction. Optimize feed ratio and composting methods, popularize practical technologies such as dry manure cleaning, and reduce the nutrient loss of livestock and poultry manure.
Promote scientific manure returning to the field on the spot and nearby. Implement the county-wide project for the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, support livestock and poultry farms (households) to build and upgrade manure treatment facilities and equipment, support and improve field storage tanks, transportation pipelines, etc., and integrate and promote the technical model of using livestock and poultry manure as fertilizer returning to the field. Further carry out pilot projects for green breeding and recycling agriculture, cultivate a number of socialized service entities engaged in services such as manure returning to the field, build an organizational operation model for manure returning to the field at the county level, and form a technical model, organizational method and long-term mechanism for developing green breeding and recycling agriculture. By 2030, the comprehensive utilization rate of livestock and poultry manure will reach more than 85%.
◆Strengthen the Comprehensive Utilization of Straw
Promote the utilization of straw returning to the field. Promote technical models of straw returning to the field such as plowing and burying, crushing and mixing, composting and decomposing by region and crop, build a number of models for scientific straw returning to the field, and increase the development and application of supporting products such as straw biological agents and enzymes.
Promote the off-field utilization of straw. Strengthen the whole industrial chain development of straw collection, storage, transportation, processing and utilization, develop industries such as formed fuel, edible fungus substrate and wood-based panels, and cultivate a number of entities for straw collection, storage and utilization. Accelerate the promotion of the utilization of straw as feed, encourage professional production service organizations to collect, store and process straw into feed products, and improve the feeding value and utilization rate.
Improve management level. Guide all localities to establish a straw resource account to further find out the resource base. By 2030, the comprehensive utilization rate of straw will remain above 88%.
◆Accelerate the Comprehensive Utilization of Rural Domestic Organic Waste
Promote on-site consumption. Steadily promote the renovation of rural toilets, coordinate the treatment of rural domestic waste and sewage, promote the establishment of a recycling system for domestic organic waste, and encourage the coordinated treatment and resource utilization of perishable waste and rural toilet manure.
Promote diversified disposal. Villages around cities and towns can be incorporated into the integrated domestic waste disposal system of urban and rural areas. Villages with concentrated population can carry out comprehensive treatment through the construction of reactor composting and other facilities. Villages with small permanent population and scattered residence can build small-scale composting facilities for on-site and nearby resource utilization after harmless treatment.
Improve the operation mechanism. Guide village collectives, farmers' cooperatives and other entities to participate in the operation and management of rural domestic organic waste comprehensive disposal facilities, and use methods such as point systems and recycling exchanges to mobilize the enthusiasm of farmers to participate, improve the classification, disposal and recycling capacity of rural domestic organic waste, and promote the improvement of rural appearance.
(IV) Promote the Stability and Diversity of Agricultural Systems
◆Promote the Ecological Protection and Restoration of Key River Basins
Promote the ecological restoration of agriculture in the Yangtze River Basin. Unswervingly promote the 10-year fishing ban in the Yangtze River, fully implement the policies for the resettlement and protection of fishermen who have been withdrawn from fishing, strengthen dynamic monitoring, and strengthen employment assistance and basic living security. Continue to carry out normalized joint law enforcement supervision, promptly clean up hidden risks such as "unlicensed, uninspected and unregistered" fishing vessels, and severely crack down on all kinds of illegal fishing activities. Implement the Yangtze River Biodiversity Protection Project, carry out the evaluation of the effect of the fishing ban and the evaluation of the integrity index of aquatic organisms, implement the rescue action plan for rare and endangered species focusing on the Yangtze River Basin, and accelerate the restoration of important habitats for aquatic organisms.
Strengthen the agricultural ecological protection of the Yellow River Basin. Promote the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, strictly implement the principle of determining land use and output based on water resources, coordinate the comprehensive management of over-exploitation of groundwater, and promote in-depth water conservation and water control in the Yellow River Basin. Transform and upgrade the construction of check dams on the Loess Plateau, and promote the innovation of soil and water loss control models. Implement the fishing moratorium system in the Yellow River Basin, and strengthen the conservation of aquatic biological resources in the Yellow River Basin.
◆Enhance the Ecological Value of Agriculture
Promote energy conservation and carbon reduction in agriculture, research and develop technologies for reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the production process of crop cultivation and animal husbandry, develop energy-saving equipment for industrialized agriculture, new energy agricultural machinery, and primary processing and storage and transportation of agricultural products, innovate the technical system for the resource and energy utilization of agricultural waste, and enhance the ability of agricultural production to adapt to climate change. Develop biogas and biomethane, and promote the high-value utilization of agricultural waste such as straw and livestock and poultry manure. Steadily promote the replacement of clean energy in rural areas, and popularize green energy use models such as rural biomass energy and solar energy. Build a protection and management system focusing on flagship species, and comprehensively strengthen the protection and management of aquatic wildlife and plants. Improve the monitoring and early warning system for invasive alien species in agriculture, and strictly control the risk of invasive alien species.
(V) Promote the Green and Low-Carbon Transition of the Whole Industrial Chain
◆Promote Green Recycling
Advance the adoption of green circulation technologies. Strengthen training on knowledge related to the green development of agriculture, guide business entities such as farmers, farmer cooperatives, family farms, and agricultural enterprises to establish the concept of green development. Promote the application of green technologies such as water-saving irrigation and scientific fertilizer and pesticide use, encourage the improvement of soil fertility, the use of green production materials, and the cleaning of production environment, so as to promote the widespread application of green production methods.
Advance the integration of crop cultivation and animal husbandry. Guide all regions to refer to the technical guidelines for calculating the land carrying capacity of livestock manure, optimize and adjust the layout of animal husbandry development, scientifically calculate the breeding scale, and guide livestock and poultry farms (households) to improve supporting land for manure absorption. Build a number of ecological farms integrating crop cultivation and animal husbandry to promote the circulation of agriculture and animal husbandry and realize the on-site conversion of waste. Implement the action to expand the coverage and improve the quality of agricultural socialized services, support qualified service entities in building agricultural service centers, and provide green production services.
Advance the balanced development of grain and forage production. On the basis of consolidating and enhancing grain production capacity, stabilize the production of cotton, oil, sugar, and "vegetable basket" products. Promote the conversion of grain crops to forage crops in accordance with local conditions, develop high-quality forages such as silage corn and alfalfa. Support the construction of stable and high-yield forage bases in saline-alkali lands, the agro-pastoral ecotone in northern China, and the grassy hills and slopes in southern China, so as to promote the coordinated development of grain, cash crops, and forage.
Advance the integrated rice-fishery cultivation. Focus on the development of rice-fish and rice-shrimp cultivation in the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River, rice-fish and rice-snail cultivation in southwest and south China, and rice-crab and rice-fish cultivation in northeast, northwest, and north China. Promote integrated cultivation models such as rice-fish-duck and fish-vegetable, and improve the comprehensive production capacity of rice and aquatic products. By 2030, the area of integrated rice-fishery cultivation will be stabilized at approximately 50 million mu (about 3.33 million hectares).
Advance the organic circulation of production and daily life. Promote the clustered development of formats such as green processing and logistics, and waste recycling and utilization. Accelerate the smooth circulation of agriculture with the secondary and tertiary industries, and promote the interconnection and mutual promotion of industries as well as circular value addition. Comprehensively advance industrial development, farmers' livelihoods, and ecological construction, form a modern composite circular economy industrial system featuring the integration of cultivation, processing, and marketing, the combination of agriculture, forestry, animal husbandry, and fishery, and the linkage of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries. Build livable, business-friendly, and beautiful villages where industries and ecology are integrated, so as to promote the organic unification of production, daily life, and ecology.
◆Developing Green and Low-Carbon Agricultural Industrial Chains
Promote loss reduction and value addition in processing. Make overall plans for the layout of production capacity for raw material production, primary processing, and deep processing of agricultural products. Promote the clustered development of industries such as green processing and waste recycling and utilization, so as to reduce losses and costs in processing and realize the efficient utilization of resources.
Promote cost reduction and efficiency improvement in circulation. Implement the project for the construction of agricultural product storage, preservation, cold chain, and logistics facilities. Build a number of on-site cold storage and preservation facilities and on-site cold chain distribution centers to improve circulation efficiency and reduce costs in the circulation link.
Promote the improvement of quality and safety standards. Formulate and revise standards for the intelligent, green, and high-quality development of agriculture that are urgently needed for high-quality agricultural development. Accelerate the development of new industries, new formats, and new models oriented towards green and low-carbon development. Promote the establishment of breeding density standards compatible with quality and safety carrying capacity, and guide the optimization and upgrading of traditional industries through standard improvement. Implement the management of pesticide residues in key problematic varieties, strengthen the monitoring and evaluation of agricultural product quality and safety, promote the application of new rapid testing technologies such as colloidal gold, implement the commitment-based qualification certificate system, and establish a classified supervision system for the exit of agricultural products from production areas. Conduct cross-field risk assessments of pesticide and veterinary drug residues, strengthen the traceability management of the quality and safety of key agricultural products and branded agricultural products, promote the construction of production areas for high-quality agricultural products, implement the action to improve the quality of agricultural products, improve the rules for the quality evaluation and grading of agricultural products, and strengthen the overall quality management of agricultural products from state-owned farms. Strengthen the cultivation and development of green, organic, famous, special, and new agricultural products as well as geographical indication agricultural products, and establish a system for the identification and cultivation of the origin of geographical indication agricultural products. Conduct promotional activities for high-quality agricultural products to guide urban and rural residents to purchase green and high-quality agricultural products.
(VI) Promoting Green and Low-Carbon Transformation of the Entire Industrial Chain
◆Strengthening Overall Coordination
Intensify work coordination. Establish a working mechanism for advancing the comprehensive green transformation of agricultural development and promoting rural ecological revitalization. Organize the formulation of work lists, clarify job responsibilities, conduct regular follow-up and scheduling, and promote the implementation of each task item by item.
Strengthen linkage between upper and lower levels. Agricultural and rural departments at all levels shall clarify key tasks based on actual conditions, refine work measures, strengthen inter-departmental coordination, integrate funds, and define "roadmaps" and "timelines" to promote the comprehensive green transformation of agricultural development and rural ecological revitalization in a powerful and orderly manner.
◆Strengthening Monitoring and Evaluation
Improve the standard system. Focus on links such as input control, processing, storage, and transportation, accelerate the formulation of a number of agricultural standards that are resource-saving and environment-friendly, and improve the agricultural green development standard system covering the entire industrial chain. Encourage local governments to explore the formulation and revision of relevant standards.
Build a monitoring system. Accelerate the coordinated digital and green transformation and development, and explore the establishment of an efficient monitoring, active early warning, scientific analysis, and intelligent decision-making system for agricultural environmental pollution and meteorological disasters. Conduct preliminary research on the new round of agricultural resource zoning, and encourage qualified regions to carry out agricultural resource zoning surveys. Improve the account system for important agricultural resources, upgrade the national agricultural resource data sharing platform, and build a number of monitoring stations for agricultural green development. Improve the agricultural ecological environment monitoring system, optimize the layout of monitoring points, and conduct monitoring of the environment of agricultural product production areas. Conduct monitoring and evaluation of the level of agricultural green development, and promote the increase of the weight of indicators related to agricultural green development in the performance assessment of local Party committees and governments in advancing rural revitalization.
Strengthen technical guidance. Focus on key areas and weak links, accelerate the integrated innovation of green technologies, and support leading enterprises and scientific research institutions to carry out joint research. Rely on public institutions, scientific research institutes, and universities, give play to the advantages of policies, resources, technologies, and talents, provide services such as policy consultation and technical guidance, and assist in solving difficult problems in agricultural green development. Organize experts in the field of agricultural green development to provide technical services and promote the application of advanced and applicable green agricultural production technologies and equipment.
◆Strengthening Policy Guidance
Provide financial support. Integrate and utilize projects such as the comprehensive management of agricultural non-point source pollution, the county-wide promotion of the resource-oriented utilization of livestock manure, the comprehensive utilization of crop straw, and the pilot projects of green circular agriculture, and tilt support to key regions implementing agricultural green development and promoting rural ecological revitalization.
Provide financial and social investment support. Encourage the inclusion of eligible projects such as agricultural green development and rural living environment improvement into the financing project database for agricultural and rural infrastructure. Deepen financing connection services, guide financial institutions to create exclusive green credit products and insurance products related to cultivated land quality, give play to the role of rural revitalization funds at all levels, and support the comprehensive green transformation of agricultural development and the promotion of rural ecological revitalization.
Strengthen regulatory constraints. Promote the formulation, revision, and amendment of laws, regulations, and rules related to agricultural green development, and increase the intensity of investigation and accountability for illegal acts that damage resources and the environment. Guide all regions to strengthen the management of contracts for the transfer of rural land management rights, guide business entities to strengthen the protection and utilization of transferred land, and order compensation in accordance with the law for damages caused to land and the land ecological environment.
◆Promoting Value Transformation
Advance emission reduction and carbon sequestration. Implement actions for emission reduction and carbon sequestration in agriculture and rural areas, and strengthen the carbon sequestration function of farmland and soil. Improve methods for the confirmation, quantification, and evaluation of agricultural ecological products, promote the establishment of a mechanism for realizing the value of agricultural ecological products, and explore paths for realizing the ecological value of green and high-quality agricultural products. Explore the development of agricultural carbon trading in areas such as tea gardens, orchards, biogas, farmland, and livestock breeding, and explore the management of the carbon footprint of agricultural products.
Develop the ecological service industry. Develop industries such as the production of commercial organic fertilizers and microbial fertilizers, the recycling of agricultural plastic films into plastic products, and the extraction of natural pigments to increase the added value of recycled products. Further explore multiple functions such as ecological conservation, agricultural experience, and health care for the elderly, and accelerate the development of new formats such as under-forest economy and forest tourism.
◆Strengthening Summary and Promotion
Summarize experience and models. Timely summarize good experiences and practices from all regions in advancing the comprehensive green transformation of agricultural development and promoting rural ecological revitalization. Promote a number of advanced and applicable green agricultural production technologies and equipment, summarize a number of promotion paths and typical models for different regions and ecological types, and refine a number of effective long-term mechanisms to form a demonstration and leading role.
Strengthen publicity and promotion. Strengthen the guidance of farmers' awareness of resource conservation and green development as well as skills training. Comprehensively use traditional media and new media to carry out activities such as model release, case exchange, and on-site observation, tell stories about the comprehensive green transformation of agricultural development and the promotion of rural ecological revitalization, and create a sound social atmosphere of full participation, joint construction, and shared benefits.
